# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#
# Gmsh Python tutorial 4
#
# Holes in surfaces, annotations, entity colors
#
# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
import gmsh
import math
import sys
gmsh.initialize()
gmsh.model.add("t4")
cm = 1e-02
e1 = 4.5 * cm
e2 = 6 * cm / 2
e3 = 5 * cm / 2
h1 = 5 * cm
h2 = 10 * cm
h3 = 5 * cm
h4 = 2 * cm
h5 = 4.5 * cm
R1 = 1 * cm
R2 = 1.5 * cm
r = 1 * cm
Lc1 = 0.01
Lc2 = 0.003
def hypot(a, b):
return math.sqrt(a * a + b * b)
ccos = (-h5 * R1 + e2 * hypot(h5, hypot(e2, R1))) / (h5 * h5 + e2 * e2)
ssin = math.sqrt(1 - ccos * ccos)
# We start by defining some points and some lines. To make the code shorter we
# can redefine a namespace:
factory = gmsh.model.geo
factory.addPoint(-e1 - e2, 0, 0, Lc1, 1)
factory.addPoint(-e1 - e2, h1, 0, Lc1, 2)
factory.addPoint(-e3 - r, h1, 0, Lc2, 3)
factory.addPoint(-e3 - r, h1 + r, 0, Lc2, 4)
factory.addPoint(-e3, h1 + r, 0, Lc2, 5)
factory.addPoint(-e3, h1 + h2, 0, Lc1, 6)
factory.addPoint(e3, h1 + h2, 0, Lc1, 7)
factory.addPoint(e3, h1 + r, 0, Lc2, 8)
factory.addPoint(e3 + r, h1 + r, 0, Lc2, 9)
factory.addPoint(e3 + r, h1, 0, Lc2, 10)
factory.addPoint(e1 + e2, h1, 0, Lc1, 11)
factory.addPoint(e1 + e2, 0, 0, Lc1, 12)
factory.addPoint(e2, 0, 0, Lc1, 13)
factory.addPoint(R1 / ssin, h5 + R1 * ccos, 0, Lc2, 14)
factory.addPoint(0, h5, 0, Lc2, 15)
factory.addPoint(-R1 / ssin, h5 + R1 * ccos, 0, Lc2, 16)
factory.addPoint(-e2, 0.0, 0, Lc1, 17)
factory.addPoint(-R2, h1 + h3, 0, Lc2, 18)
factory.addPoint(-R2, h1 + h3 + h4, 0, Lc2, 19)
factory.addPoint(0, h1 + h3 + h4, 0, Lc2, 20)
factory.addPoint(R2, h1 + h3 + h4, 0, Lc2, 21)
factory.addPoint(R2, h1 + h3, 0, Lc2, 22)
factory.addPoint(0, h1 + h3, 0, Lc2, 23)
factory.addPoint(0, h1 + h3 + h4 + R2, 0, Lc2, 24)
factory.addPoint(0, h1 + h3 - R2, 0, Lc2, 25)
factory.addLine(1, 17, 1)
factory.addLine(17, 16, 2)
# Gmsh provides other curve primitives than straight lines: splines, B-splines,
# circle arcs, ellipse arcs, etc. Here we define a new circle arc, starting at
# point 14 and ending at point 16, with the circle's center being the point 15:
factory.addCircleArc(14, 15, 16, 3)
# Note that, in Gmsh, circle arcs should always be smaller than Pi. The
# OpenCASCADE geometry kernel does not have this limitation.
# We can then define additional lines and circles, as well as a new surface:
factory.addLine(14, 13, 4)
factory.addLine(13, 12, 5)
factory.addLine(12, 11, 6)
factory.addLine(11, 10, 7)
factory.addCircleArc(8, 9, 10, 8)
factory.addLine(8, 7, 9)
factory.addLine(7, 6, 10)
factory.addLine(6, 5, 11)
factory.addCircleArc(3, 4, 5, 12)
factory.addLine(3, 2, 13)
factory.addLine(2, 1, 14)
factory.addLine(18, 19, 15)
factory.addCircleArc(21, 20, 24, 16)
factory.addCircleArc(24, 20, 19, 17)
factory.addCircleArc(18, 23, 25, 18)
factory.addCircleArc(25, 23, 22, 19)
factory.addLine(21, 22, 20)
factory.addCurveLoop([17, -15, 18, 19, -20, 16], 21)
factory.addPlaneSurface([21], 22)
# But we still need to define the exterior surface. Since this surface has a
# hole, its definition now requires two curves loops:
factory.addCurveLoop([11, -12, 13, 14, 1, 2, -3, 4, 5, 6, 7, -8, 9, 10], 23)
factory.addPlaneSurface([23, 21], 24)
# As a general rule, if a surface has N holes, it is defined by N+1 curve loops:
# the first loop defines the exterior boundary; the other loops define the
# boundaries of the holes.
factory.synchronize()
# Finally, we can add some comments by creating a post-processing view
# containing some strings:
v = gmsh.view.add("comments")
# Add a text string in window coordinates, 10 pixels from the left and 10 pixels
# from the bottom:
gmsh.view.addListDataString(v, [10, -10], ["Created with Gmsh"])
# Add a text string in model coordinates centered at (X,Y,Z) = (0, 0.11, 0),
# with some style attributes:
gmsh.view.addListDataString(v, [0, 0.11, 0], ["Hole"],
["Align", "Center", "Font", "Helvetica"])
# If a string starts with `file://', the rest is interpreted as an image
# file. For 3D annotations, the size in model coordinates can be specified after
# a `@' symbol in the form `widthxheight' (if one of `width' or `height' is
# zero, natural scaling is used; if both are zero, original image dimensions in
# pixels are used):
gmsh.view.addListDataString(v, [0, 0.09, 0], ["file://../t4_image.png@0.01x0"],
["Align", "Center"])
# The 3D orientation of the image can be specified by proving the direction
# of the bottom and left edge of the image in model space:
gmsh.view.addListDataString(v, [-0.01, 0.09, 0],
["file://../t4_image.png@0.01x0,0,0,1,0,1,0"])
# The image can also be drawn in "billboard" mode, i.e. always parallel to
# the camera, by using the `#' symbol:
gmsh.view.addListDataString(v, [0, 0.12, 0],
["file://../t4_image.png@0.01x0#"],
["Align", "Center"])
# The size of 2D annotations is given directly in pixels:
gmsh.view.addListDataString(v, [150, -7], ["file://../t4_image.png@20x0"])
# These annotations are handled by a list-based post-processing view. For
# large post-processing datasets, that contain actual field values defined on
# a mesh, you should use model-based post-processing views instead, which
# allow to efficiently store continuous or discontinuous scalar, vector and
# tensor fields, or arbitrary polynomial order.
# Views and geometrical entities can be made to respond to double-click
# events, here to print some messages to the console:
gmsh.option.setString("View[0].DoubleClickedCommand",
"Printf('View[0] has been double-clicked!');")
gmsh.option.setString(
"Geometry.DoubleClickedLineCommand",
"Printf('Curve %g has been double-clicked!', "
"Geometry.DoubleClickedEntityTag);")
# We can also change the color of some entities:
gmsh.model.setColor([(2, 22)], 127, 127, 127) # Gray50
gmsh.model.setColor([(2, 24)], 160, 32, 240) # Purple
gmsh.model.setColor([(1, i) for i in range(1, 15)], 255, 0, 0) # Red
gmsh.model.setColor([(1, i) for i in range(15, 21)], 255, 255, 0) # Yellow
gmsh.model.mesh.generate(2)
gmsh.write("t4.msh")
# Launch the GUI to see the results:
if '-nopopup' not in sys.argv:
gmsh.fltk.run()
gmsh.finalize()